[1] Michael P. Conzen and Kathleen Neils Conzen, “Geographical Structure in Nineteenth-Century Urban Retailing: Milwaukee, 1836-90,” Journal of Historical Geography 5, no. 1 (1979): 52.
[2] Conzen and Conzen, “Geographical Structure in Nineteenth-Century Urban Retailing,” 53.
[3] John Gurda, Milwaukee: City of Neighborhoods (Milwaukee: Historic Milwaukee, Inc., 2015), 20.
[1] Bayrd Still, Milwaukee: The History of a City (Madison, WI: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1965).
[2] Laurence Marcellus Larson, “A Financial and Administrative History of Milwaukee,” Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin, no. 242 (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, 1908), 26, last accessed April 14, 2016.
[1] “Third International,” Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed July 24, 2016; “History,” Communist Party of Wisconsin, accessed July 24, 2016. See also Fraser M. Ottanelli, The Communist Party of the United States: From the Depression to World War II (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991), 9-10; The Communist Party of the United States of America, Constitution
[1] This entry was written collectively by a class of undergraduate students at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in the fall semester of 2018. For more about how this process unfolded, click on the Explore More button below and read the Understory.
[2] For an exception, see Patricia Mooney Melvin, ed., American Community Organizations: A
[1] City of Milwaukee, “Milwaukee Neighborhoods,” May 2000, http://milwaukee.gov/ImageLibrary/Public/ map4.pdf, last accessed August 10, 2015, now available at http://www.ci.mil.wi.us/ImageLibrary/Public/map4.pdf.
[2] John Gurda, The West End: Merrill Park, Pigsville, Concordia (Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin System Board of Regents, 1980), 4-5, 89-90.
[1] G. William Mueller, “Concordia College, 1881-1931,” in Concordia College Centennial Jubilee, 1881-1981, ed. David O. Berger (Cedarburg, WI: Concordia College Wisconsin, 1984), 6-8; William R. Cario, “One Blessing after Another: A History of Concordia University Wisconsin,” Concordia Historical Institute Quarterly 79, no. 2 (2006): 113-5.
[2] J. Henry Gienapp, “Concordia College, 1931-1981,” in <
[2] Milwaukee Jewish Timeline, Jewish Museum Milwaukee website, accessed November 3, 2017.
[3] Kerry M. Olitzky and Marc Lee Raphael, The American Synagogue: A Historical Dictionary and Sourcebook (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996), 370; Ruth Fromstein, In This Place: Congregation Emanu El B’Ne Jeshurun’
[1] William Warren Sweet, The Congregationalists: A Collection of Source Materials (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1939), 34-37, 368.
[2] Sweet, The Congregationalists, 372-73, 380, 387; Plymouth Church (Milwaukee, WI), Historical Sketch of the Plymouth Congregational Church, Milwaukee: With Illustrations (Milwaukee: King Fowle & Co., 1890), 8-9; “Church Prepares for Final Service—
[1] Steven Flanders, ed., Celebrating the Courthouse: A Guide for Architects, Their Clients, and the Public (New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2006), 11, 14.
[2] Committee on Construction of New Court House Milwaukee County (Wis.), Report of Committee on Construction of New Court House, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin (Milwaukee: Oscar E. Schwemer, 1913), 26; Landscape
[1] Joseph A. Ranney, Trusting Nothing to Providence: A History of Wisconsin’s Legal System (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Law School, 1999), 30.
[2] 1848 Wis. Laws, pp. 150-51; Alfons J. Beitzinger, “Federal Law Enforcement and the Booth Cases,” Marquette Law Review 41 (1957): 7; William Thompson, Matthew Hale Carpenter: Webster of the West
[1] Bayrd Still, Milwaukee: The History of a City (Madison, WI: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1948), 102-03; John Gurda, The Making of Milwaukee (Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society, 1999), 50, 69, 94; John G. Gregory, History of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Chicago, IL: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1931), 2: 1122-23.
[1] U.S. Bureau of the Census, Mother Tongue & Mother’s Mother Tongue—Serbo-Croatian, 1910-1970, tabulated at http://www.ipums.org; “Sacred Heart Croatian,” Archdiocese of Milwaukee website, last accessed February 20, 2012; Charles A. Ward, “The Serbian and Croatian Communities in Milwaukee,” General Linguistics 16, no. 2/3 (1976): 154-156.
[1] Don Behm, “Milwaukee Marks 20 Years since Cryptosporidium Outbreak,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, April 6, 2013, accessed February 1, 2014.
[2] Neil J. Hoxie et al., “Cryptosporidiosis-Associated Mortality Following a Massive Waterborne Outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,” American Journal of Public Health 87 (December 1997): 2032-2035.
[1] Lisandro Pérez, “Cubans in the United States,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 487, no 1 (1986): 131.
[2] Sociologist Alejandro Portes wrote in 1969, “180,000, or 65% of all refugees registered with the Cuban Refugee Program [in Miami], have been resettled outside Miami.” Alejandro Portes, “Dilemmas of a Golden Exile: Integration of
[1] Paul E. Geib, “‘Everything but the Squeal’: The Milwaukee Stockyards and Meat-Packing Industry, 1840-1930,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 78, no. 1 (Autumn 1994): 15; Patrick Cudahy, Patrick Cudahy: His Life. (Milwaukee: Burdick & Allen, 1912), 13-16.
[2] Cudahy, Patrick Cudahy, 43-47, 54, 60.
[3] Cudahy, Patrick Cudahy, 73-76; “Patrick Cudahy,” in <