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[2] William George Bruce, “Memoirs of William George Bruce,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 17 (1) (September 1933): 16-18, 25-32, accessed March 16, 2013.
[1] Bobby Tanzilo, “Museum Spotlights African-American History, Culture,” OnMilwaukee.com, February 17, 2005, last accessed August 3, 2017.
[2] Alison Rose Jefferson, “Review: Wisconsin Black Historical Society Museum and Milwaukee’s Bronzeville Cultural Entertainment District,” Public Historian 34, no. 4 (2012): 95.
[3] Jay Joslyn, “Exhibit Set on Black Workers: Museum to Renovate Old Savoy Theater,” The Milwaukee
[1] Mike Nichols, “Convention Hall Named Midwest Express Center,” The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, February 20, 1997, 1; Rick Romell and Todd Daykin, “Milwaukee’s New Crown Jewel,” The Milwaukee Sentinel, July 19, 1998, 1. Activists protested the lack of African American and female contract laborers employed during construction in 1998. Jack Norman, “Wisconsin Center Becoming Focus for Protesters,” <
[1] Mary Carole McCauley, “Century-old Conservatory Sings Tune of Survival,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, November 1, 1998, p. 1.
[2] Wisconsin Conservatory of Music, “Celebrating 100 Years of Music,” 100th Anniversary Commemorative Book, 1899-1999 (n.p.). The two institutions had originally merged from 1901-1904, but split amid contentious relations. The new institution, established in 1968, was
[1] Mark A. Latus and Mary Ellen Young, “Wisconsin Gas Company,” Downtown Milwaukee: Seven Walking Tours of Historic Buildings and Places (Milwaukee, WI: Milwaukee American Revolution Bicentennial Commission, 1978), 50.
[2] Wisconsin Energy Corporation, “WEC: History,” Wisconsin Energy Corporation, http://www.wisconsinenergy.com/aboutus/history.htm, accessed October 4, 2013. Information now available at WEC Energy
[1] This entry was original posted on the Encyclopedia of Milwaukee website on February 20, 2017. An updated version was posted on March 1, 2019.
[2] Raelene Freitag, “The Peril and Promise of Nineteenth Century Child Protection: The Wisconsin Humane Society, 1879-1920” (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1997), 43.
[1] Mark Braun, “A Brief History of Wisconsin Lutheran College,” CHARIS Journal 5 (Christmas 2006): 32, last accessed August 3, 2017.
[2] James P. Schaefer, “A New Christian College: It’s Off the Ground!” The Northwestern Lutheran (December 1972): 423. See also Daniel E. Krause, “Wisconsin Lutheran College: The History of Its Origin” (Senior Church History, course
[1] Frank Abiel Flower, History of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Chicago: Western Historical Co., 1881), 740-47; Milwaukee Daily Sentinel, November 6, 1861 and November 21, 1861; Howard Louis Conard, ed., History of Milwaukee County (Chicago: American Biographical Publishing Co., c. 1895), 265-66; John H. Gregory, History of Milwaukee (Chicago: The S.J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1931), 1036,
[1] “Wisconsin Visual Artists: WVA History,” accessed February 20, 2018. http://wisconsinvisualartists.com/public/archives.php, now available at https://www.wisconsinvisualartists.org/about/history/, last accessed January 2, 2019; “Wisconsin Visual Artists,” accessed February 20, 2018, http://wisconsinvisualartists.com/index.php.
[2] “Richard Lorenz (1858-1915),” MOWA: Museum of Wisconsin Art website, last modified June 2, 2010; “Richard Lorenz,”
[1] “America’s Founding Documents, The Constitution: Amendments 11-27,” National Archives website, accessed December 28, 2017.
[2] Genevieve G. McBride, On Wisconsin Women: Working for Their Rights from Settlement to Suffrage (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1994), 46. In 1882, the organization became the Wisconsin Woman’s Suffrage Association. See Theodora Winton Youmans, “How Wisconsin Women
[1] J.C. Croly and General Federation of Women’s Clubs, The History of the Woman’s Club Movement in America (New York, NY: H. G. Allen &, 1898). See also Karen J. Blair, “Women’s Clubs: Women and Volunteer Power, 1868-1926 and beyond,” National Women’s History Museum website (March 17, 2014, originally published in
[1] Workforce, Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition (2014), last accessed April 1, 2019.
[2] Bayrd Still, Milwaukee: The History of a City (Madison, WI: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1948), 3-5, 8; John Gurda, The Making of Milwaukee (Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society, 1999), 41-42; Margaret Walsh, The Manufacturing Frontier: Pioneer Industry
[1] The Federal Writers Project of the Works Progress Administration, The WPA Guide to WI: The Federal Writers Project Guide to 1930s Wisconsin (St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society, 1941), 143.
[2] “Charles King, 1844-1933,” Autry National Center of the American West Library and Archives, accessed February 10, 2015.
[1] City of Milwaukee, “Milwaukee Neighborhoods,” May 2000, http://milwaukee.gov/ImageLibrary/Public/ map4.pdf, last accessed November 16, 2015, now available at http://www.ci.mil.wi.us/ImageLibrary/Public/map4.pdf, last accessed November 19, 2018.
[2] Historic Milwaukee, Inc., Yankee Hill: New Perspectives on an Old Neighborhood (Milwaukee: Historic Milwaukee, Inc., 2001), 1, 7.