[1] Susan Applegate Krouse, “What Came Out of the Takeovers: Women’s Activism and the Indian Community School of Milwaukee.” American Indian Quarterly vol. 27, no. 3/4 (Summer-Autumn 2003): 535; Judson L. Jeffrie, Omari L. Dyson, and Charles E. Jones, “Militancy Transcends Race: A Comparative Analysis of the American Indian Movement, the Black Panther Party, and the
[1] John Gurda, Built by Seaman: Four Generations of Family Enterprise ([Milwaukee]: Douglas Seaman Family, 2001), 27-28; David I. Bednarek, “Chrysler Fund Keeps Workers at Full Pay, But It May Not Last,” Milwaukee Journal, April 3, 1988.
[2] Gurda, Built by Seaman, 36.
[3] Frederick I. Olson, “Seaman Body Corporation,” in <
[1] ASQ Fact Sheet, American Society for Quality website accessed June 2, 2016; “About ASQ: The ASQ Timeline,” American Society for Quality website, accessed June 2, 2016.
[2] ASQ Fact Sheet.
[3] ASQ Fact Sheet; “Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award (MBNQA),” American Society for Quality website, accessed June 7, 2016.
[4] Charles H. Wing, “Message from the President,” <
[1] John Gurda, “National Park: Where Milwaukee Went for Thrills 100 Years Ago,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, August 9, 2014.
[2] Milwaukee Sentinel, June 11, 1885, 3; Harry H. Anderson, “Recreation, Entertainment, and Open Space: Park Traditions in Milwaukee County,” in Trading Post to Metropolis: Milwaukee County’s First 150 Years, ed. Ralph M. Aderman (Milwaukee:
[1] “Anarchism,” Merriam-Webster Dictionary, accessed July 20, 2016; see also Dean A. Strang, Worse than the Devil: Anarchists, Clarence Darrow, and Justice in a Time of Terror (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2013), xiv.
[2] Michael A. Gordon, “‘To Make a Clean Sweep’: Milwaukee Confronts an Anarchist Scare in 1917,” Wisconsin Magazine
[1] Charter and Ordinances of the City of Milwaukee, with the Constitution of the State, and Acts of the Legislature Relating to the City (Milwaukee: Daily News Book, 1857), 66-67, 418-421.
[2] Paul E. Geib, “‘Everything But the Squeal’: The Milwaukee Stockyards and Meat-Packing Industry, 1840-1930,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 78, no. 1 (
[1] Entry originally posted April 3, 2019; entry revised December 22, 2020. Arnold Fleischmann, “The Politics of Annexation and Urban Development: A Clash of Two Paradigms” (Ph.D. diss., University of Texas at Austin, 1984), 88-92.
[2] Kate Foss-Mollan, Hard Water: Politics and Water Supply in Milwaukee, 1870-1995 (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2001), 63-66.
[1] “Milwaukee Syrians Hold Folk Festival,” Milwaukee Journal, March 10, 1936; “Helped Entertain at Lakefront” Milwaukee Journal, July, 22, 1936; ; Enaya Othman, “Building a Community among Early Arab Immigrants in Milwaukee, 1890s-1960s,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 96 (Summer 2013): 38-49.
[2] Annysa Johnson, “Milwaukee’s Arab World Festival Returns to Lakefront in 2014,”
[1] Alexander Carl Guth, “Early Day Architects in Milwaukee,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 10, no. 1 (September 1926): 17-28.
[2] Built in Milwaukee: An Architectural View of the City: Prepared for the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin by Landscape Research ([Milwaukee]: City of Milwaukee, Dept. of City Development, 1983), 139.
[1] Robert Mirak, Torn Between Two Lands: Armenians in America, 1890 to World War I (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), 240.
[2] Henry Morgenthau III, Ambassador Morganthau’s Story (New York, NY: Doubleday, 1918), 11. A most recent examination of the genocide from the Turkish perspective is Tanner Akcam, From Empire to Republic:
[1] Some authors label the hospital’s status in its early days as public and others private. St. Mary’s was privately funded but open to the public.
[2] Earl. R. Thayer, Seeking to Serve: The History of the Medical Society of Milwaukee County, 1846-1996 (Wauwatosa, WI: Vilar Arts, Inc., 1996), 120; Brenda W.
[1] John Radzilowski, “Late-Twentieth-Century Immigration,” The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia, eds. Richard Sisson, Christina Zacher, and Andrew R.L. Cayton (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007), 250.
[2] Kazimierz J. Zaniewski and Carol J. Rosen, The Atlas of Ethnic Diversity in Wisconsin (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998), 12; Joseph A. Rodriguez
[1] Joseph A. Rodriguez, Bootstrap New Urbanism: Design, Race, and Redevelopment in Milwaukee (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014), 90-97; “Asian Americans Plan Fall Festival,” The Milwaukee Journal, June 10, 1994, accessed February 10, 2015, http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d3EaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ySwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5033%2C1570883/ Organizers planned the original festival to coincide with
[1] See Steven Ruggles, Katie Genadek, Ronald Goeken, Josiah Grover, and Matthew Sobek. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 6.0 [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2015, tabulation of ancestry and mother’s birthplace for metropolitan Milwaukee.
[2] Lisbeth Lindebord, “Regional Deep Structures in the German Cultural Space,” in Regions of Central Europe: The Legacy
[1] “History of the Milwaukee Mile,” Save the Mile, accessed February 24, 2016.
[2] “Hales Corners Speedway to Close at the End of 2003,” STL Racing, accessed February 24, 2016.
[3] Al Krause, “Tony Willman,” National Sprint Car Hall of Fame and Museum Inductees, National Sprint Car Hall of Fame and Museum website, accessed February 26, 2016.
[1] Robert H. Stockman, The Bahá’í Faith in America, vol. 1, Origins, 1892-1900 (Wilmette, IL: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1985), 30.
[2] Stockman, Origins, 1892-1900, 110-112.
[3] Robert H. Stockman, “Love’s Odyssey: The Life of Thornton Chase” (unpublished manuscript of Thornton Chase: The First American Bahá’í), chapter 12, accessed
[1] Mike Nichols, “Convention Hall Named Midwest Express Center,” The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, February 20, 1997, 1; Rick Romell and Todd Daykin, “Milwaukee’s New Crown Jewel,” The Milwaukee Sentinel, July 19, 1998, 1. Activists protested the lack of African American and female contract laborers employed during construction in 1998. Jack Norman, “Wisconsin Center Becoming Focus for Protesters,” <
[1] Entry originally posted October 4, 2017; entry revised August 6, 2021. Bayrd Still, Milwaukee, The History of a City (Madison, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1948), 27-29; John G. Gregory, History of Milwaukee (Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1931), 1: 389; James A. Watrous, ed., Memoirs of Milwaukee County (Madison: Western Historical Association, 1909), 1: 560.